This is interesting and I'd like to get the bottom of this.
Looking at pictures and some videos how N4 camera works, live HDR, S5's widescreen pixel resolution etc., the Note 4 seem to perform very similarly to the S5 in terms of white balance, saturation and exposure, results are only a little sharper during the daylight, more so in HDR and during the night. But if either or both N4 versions have an IMX240, then Sony has a 16:9 sensor that perform 95% like a Samsung ISOCELL and that's a little harder to believe with such different technologies.
Of course Sony can always make an ISOCELL sensor for Samsung as they make a PDAF-type for Apple, but then I'd have to ask why, Samsung comfortably supplied the bigger launch of the S5 with enough ISOCELL units so numbers cannot be the problem. Some say OIS can be, but if Sony has an exact same size sensor as S5 ISOCELL, I don't see an issue packing ISOCELL sensors into an OIS camera unit. BTW I like ISOCELL cause it's very fast and reliable, almost always perfect WB which is always an issue with Sony sensors, 2-6 out of 10 shots come out with improper white balance either on the colder or on the yellower side. Apple phones are the only ones getting it almost always right.
IMX240 equipped sensors with the proper ISP however can do up to 32s shutter speeds, and longer shutter options are a huge missing option for Samsung devices, usually SW capped at 1/15s. That's not only a problem cause you either have to use the multi-shot stability mode or higher ISO for VERY noisy results, but with optical image stabilization this capping is totally unnecessary, one could hold the phone for up to half a second with OIS and not get a shaky result. So far Note 4 shots are impressive during daytime and improved during the night, but I don't see any longer shutter samples or options. That is just silly from Sammy at this point in mobile photography. EVERYTHING is there for great night shots except for some reason Samsung's willingness to either allow longer shutter speed options for the automatic mode, or provide it for manual mode. This lack of judgement makes Samsung phones inferior in night comparison to counterparts that happily go for long shutters. The Oppo Find 7 makes great night shots with a Sony IMX sensor.